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Risk Communication, Risk Assessment and Regulations
Risk Perception and Communication
Much information on how people perceive various types of risks and how information about risks could be communicated is available. Some selected web sites and free full text access publications are described below.
- Gateway to Health Communication & Social Marketing Practice: Risk Communication (HHS/CDC/CERC)
- Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication (PDF - 11.4 MB) (HHS/CDC/CERC)
- Chemical Attack Fact Sheet: Warfare Agents, Industrial Chemicals, and Toxins - Document providing preparation guidance for a chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear threat. (PDF - 86 KB) (DHS)
- Health Risk Assessment & Occupational and Environmental Health Surveillance (Defense Health Agency–Public Health (DHA-PH))
- Risk Communication (US EPA)
- Wallace HM. Risk perception in toxicology--part II: toxicology must be the solution not the problem. Toxicol Sci. 2011 May;121(1):7-10. [PubMed Citation]
- Neil N, Malmfors T, Slovic P. Intuitive toxicology: expert and lay judgments of chemical risks. Toxicol Pathol. 1994 Mar-Apr;22(2):198-201. [PubMed Citation]
- Brauer M, Bert Hakkinen PJ, Gehan BM, Shirname-More L. Communicating exposure and health effects results to study subjects, the community and the public: strategies and challenges. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol. 2004 Nov;14(7):479-83. [PubMed Citation]
Government Regulations
A wealth of information is available for those seeking to learn about regulation of chemicals. There are overlaps in jurisdiction among agencies that have risk assessment and toxicology in their respective missions and agendas at the Federal level. In addition state, county, and municipal agencies provide additional levels of regulatory compliance. There are also many agencies that provide this type of information for a fee. Selected websites (related to federal) that provide information on regulations for chemicals are provided here.
- United States Federal Register
- US EPA (Environmental Protection Agency)
- OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration)
- US DOE (Department of Energy)
- US DOD (Department of Defense)
- NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health)
- US DOT (Department of Transportation)
- US CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
- US FDA (Food and Drug Administration)
- US CPSC (Consumer Product Safety Commission)
- European Union
Guidance on Risk Assessment
Access to guidance documents, tools and methods, and training materials or on-line courses is available. Below are listed a selected group of international and US web sites and publications that provide information on risk assessment methods for human health considerations from chemical exposures.
- Center for Risk Excellence (DOE)
- DTIC Online - Public Scientific & Technical Information (DOD)
- IPCS Harmonization Project (WHO/IPCS)
- National Center for Environmental Assessment (NCEA) (EPA)
- OECD/IPCS database on hazard/risk assessment methodologies (WHO, IPCS)
- Human Health Risk Assessment Research Methods, Models, Tools, and Databases (EPA)
- Risk Management (DOT/PHMSA)
- Public Health Policy (European Commission)
- Technical Guide 230: Environmental Health Risk Assessment and Chemical Exposure Guidelines for Deployed Military Personnel (PDF - 4.08 MB) (U.S. Army)
- Development of Exposure Guidelines for Chronic Health Effects Following Acute Chemical Exposures (Defense Health Agency–Public Health (DHA-PH) Includes
- PHIP 39-04-0116, Development of Exposure Guidelines for Chronic Health Effects Following Acute Exposures to Toxic Industrial Chemicals: A Toxidrome-Based Approach, March 2016
- PHIP 39-08-0718, Development of Exposure Guidelines for Chronic Health Effects Following Acute Exposures to Toxic Industrial Chemicals: Implementation of a Toxidrome-based Approach with Application to the Lower Pulmonary Toxidrome, July 2018
- ToxTutor (HHS/NIH/National Library of Medicine)